Gallbaldder++Katie

=**Gallbladder** =



__**::Description::**__

 * located behind the liver
 * pear shaped muscular sac
 * 3-4 inches long
 * non-vital
 * divided into 3 sections: fundus, body, and neck

__**::Functions::**__

 * stores bile and concentrate
 * bile is released when food containing fat enters the digestive tract
 * neutralizes acid in partly digested food

__**::Functional Histology::**__
http://www.histology-world.com/audioslides/gallbladder.htm

Four layers comprise the gallbladder:serous membrane, perimuscular, muscular, and a mucous coat. The gallbladder has the tallest simple columnar epithelium compared to other organs.
 * Serous:
 * It is actually not absolutely complete, and covers only the entire fundus.(simple columnar epithelial)
 * Perimsucular:
 * Consists of connective tissue along with the arteries, veins, nerves and also the lymphatics.
 * Muscular:
 * Smooth muscle fibers, which are not only smooth but also irregular in shape.
 * Mucous Coat:
 * Have the appearance of the comb of the honey, and also have the layer of the single columnar epithelium which is an aid to be absorptive in nature.
 * Essentially no submucosa but thin layer of muscular tissue to prevent infection

__**::Digestion::**__
During a fatty meal, the gallbladder contracts, delivering the bile through the bile ducts into the intestines to help with digestion.
 * Bile contains bile acids, which are critical for digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine.
 * Many waste products, including bilirubin, are eliminated from the body by secretion into bile and elimination in feces.

**__::Digestive Disorders::__**
2. **//Inadequate Bile Flow//** 3. **//Gallbladder sludge//**
 * 1) **//Gall Stones//**
 * There are various disorders that affect the gall bladder, and they usually involve gallstones.
 * A gallstone is a solid crystal deposit that forms in the gallbladder, which is a pear-shaped organ that stores bile salts until they are needed to help digest fatty foods. Gallstones can migrate to other parts of the digestive tract and cause severe pain with life-threatening complications.
 * Gallstones are the most common of all gallbladder problems. They are responsible for 90% of gallbladder and bile duct disease, and are the fifth most common reason for hospitalization of adults in the United States. Gallstones usually develop in adults between the ages of 20 and 50; about 20% of patients with gallstones are over 40.
 * When diet is high in refined sugars and starches, fats, and too low in protein, very little bile is formed and the gallbladder does not have the 'energy' to function in a regular manner.
 * The fat cannot be readily absorbed.
 * This fat then unites with calcium and iron from food (stopping these minerals from entering the blood where they can do some good), and forms a hard soap, then forms hard packed fecal matter and ultimatley causes constipation.
 * This persistent stealing of essential iron and calcium can bring on iron-deficiency anemia, osteoporosis (honeycombed bones) or osteomalacia (week and caving-in bones).
 * Gall bladder sludge is composed of calcium salts and cholesterol crystals. Unless you flush it from your system quickly, it can lead to gallstones, or worse, painful pancreatitis and inflammation of the gallbladder. If it isn't resolved, surgical removal of the gallbladder is sometimes recommended by medical doctors.
 * Gall bladder sludge can develop after fasting, rapid weight loss, certain medication, a high cholesterol level, dug or alcohol damage, or pregnancy.
 * Symptoms include pain in the abdomen, nausea, and vomiting just like gallstones.



Class Work::

Answer the following questions with either an F for false or a T for true.

Scroll to the bottom to check your answers. -The gallbladder is connected to the stomach via the hepatic duct. - Gallstones are not preventable. -The gallbladder is a small pear-shaped sac that stores and concentrates bile. -Sometimes the substances contained in bile crystallize in the gall bladder, forming gallstones. -The gallbladder divides into two sections. -The gallbladder has a simple columnar epithelial lining characterized by //recesses// called Aschoff's recesses. - the hormone cholecystokinin is produced by cells in the intestinal wall and carried to the gall bladder via the bloodstream. - An MRCP is type of MRI scan that visualizes the common bile duct to check for bile duct obstruction. -Animals such as the llama do not have gallbladders. -Bile is composed of three major components: cholesterol, proteins, and bilirubin. -Pregnancy is an idicator of gallstones. -The large number of patients with gallstones have many chronic symptoms. - The SILS gallbladder removal allows some patients to have their gallbladder removed with no visible scars! - Cholecystitis is an infection or inflammation of the gallbladder often caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. - Diabetics have a lower risk of contrating gallbladder disorders. -CT Scans use sound waves to image the intra-abdominal organs including the gallbladder. - Choledocholithiasis are common bile duct stones. - Native Americans have a higher chance of conducting gallbladder disease. - Gall stones can be as large as bowling balls. - A healthy diet can help prevent gallstones.
 * Class Work::**
 * Directions: Write T for true of F for false.**

F F T T F T T T T F T F T T F F T T F T

Works Consulted:: http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/yrdd/ http://www.medicinenet.com/gallbladder_cancer/glossary.htm http://www.gallbladderattack.com/gallbladdersymptoms.shtml