Oral+Cavity+Anatomy+and+Digestive+Ammenities


 * Oral Cavity Anatomy and Digestive Ammenities**

**Oral Cavity Anatomy ** The Mouth consists of:
 * The oral cavity is made of hard and soft tissue structures which aid in speech, swallowing, and breathing properly.**
 * 1) Lips (anteriorly)
 * 2) Cheeks (laterally)
 * 3) Hard Palate (superiorly)
 * 4) **Tongue and Muscle (inferiorly)**
 * 5) **Upper and Lower Dentition (Teeth)**
 * 6) **Salvilary Glands**
 * 7) Mucosal Glands
 * 8) Mucosal Tissue covering Hard Palate

**Tongue Anatomy** The tongue is a muscle located on the floor of the mouth that manipulates food for chewing and swallowing. The tongue is the "taste" organ because it is covered in tastebuds and papillae. It also contributes to speech and is kept moist by saliva.  **1.** **Oral** - anterior two-thirds of tongue; lies mostly in mouth
 * The Tongue can be divided into two parts:**
 * 2. Pharyngeal** - posterior third of tongue; lies in oropharynx

Extrinsic Muscles - originate outside of tongue and insert into the tongue. The paired extrinsic muscles protrude, retract, depress, and elevate the tongue.
 * 1) **Geniglossus Muscle** - protrudes the tongue
 * 2) **Hyoglossus Muscle** - depresses the tongue
 * 3) **Styloglossus Muscle** - elevates and retracts the tongue
 * 4) **Palatoglossus Muscle** - depresses soft palate and elevates posterior end of tongue

Intrinsic Muscles - four paired intrinsic muscles that originate and also insert into tongue. Each of these muscles alter the shape of the tongue by running along the midline of the tongue structure.
 * 1) **Superior longituindal muscle** - elevates, assists in retraction, and deviates the tip of the tongue
 * 2) **Inferior longitudinal muscle** - outlines the sides of the tongue
 * 3) **Verticalis muscle** - loacted in the middle of tongue
 * 4) **Transversus muscle**- divides the tongue at the middle, joins the superior and inferior longitudinal muscles

Papillae a.k.a. //taste buds// - The tongue is also used as a taste sensory organ for the human body. The tongue has hundreds of tiny bumpy-like structures called papillae. (tastebuds) The five basic taste components that the human tongue can sense are: Disease of tongue:
 * 1) **Sweet**
 * 2) **Sour**
 * 3) **Salty**
 * 4) **Bitter**
 * 5) **Umami**
 * Functions of the Tongue:**
 * 1) **Mucous Secretion**
 * 2) **Processing and Manipulation of Food**
 * 3) **Taste sensory Organ**
 * 1) **White Tongue** - white spots and patching of tongue can be brought about by use of antibiotics, oral candidiasis, and dehydration

Tongue Word Find: G B A V Q B N R A N D G M S T O S I A AS Q Y Q E F O Q L F R R L M X P U N H AF U X O S R W H O Z O T N U T B P F N CD W S U Q U T X E F K Z V Y R J E E M VZ T H S E A S I P A T N M S J J R R Y VA J F I O C T S C X L H R M M A I I F TW D H Z T L L S O A A L P T G M O O A TO W H G X E G K Z L L H I T M L R R W RR S P G I O T O M H G I A P R N L L R AF J U B L G G O T E Z I S Z A E O O V NI S E S A G E N N A I M N C Q P N N M SI J B F S V O Z I G L O D E O S G G O VK A D F L O T Q N Q U A I A G U I I K EV Y P M A L L I S R B E P L W R T T A RT X C K E S E G N R L G C Q J A U U E SL J S J F F H Y O G L O S S U S I D L UI D D X F U S M B L R T E H S Q N I K SZ C F Q L P A I L R Y U T H O O D N P VP K K J R W M N T J O T E K V V A A N LO G Y V E F E H T Z G W S F N H L L Y I

1.)  protrudes the tongue   2.)   depresses the tongue 3.)  elevates and retracts the tongue   4.)   depresses soft palate and elevates posterior end of tongue 5.)  elevates, assists in retraction, and deviates the tip of the tongue   6.)   outlines the sides of the tongue 7.)  loacted in the middle of tongue   8.)   divides the tongue at the middle, joins the superior and inferior longitudinal muscles 9.)  The tongue has hundreds of tiny bumpy-like structures called__   10.)   white spots and patching of tongue can be brought about by use of antibiotics, oral candidiasis, and dehydration

Answers to Word Search:
 * Geniglossus || Styloglossus ||
 * Hyoglossus || Superior longituindal ||
 * Inferior longitudinal || Transversus ||
 * Palatoglossus || Verticalis ||
 * Papillae || White Tongue ||

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Dentition Anatomy and Histology

Dentitions are more commonly known as Teeth and are classified as an Upper and Lower Section.

= = Teeth are made up of four different types:


 * 1) **Incisors**
 * 2) **Cuspids**
 * 3) **Bicuspids**
 * 4) **Molars**

The upper and lower teeth are primarily used in the process of chewing food to break down the whole food to allow swallowing and digestion to occur more naturally. This process is known as **mastication**.

Anatomy and Histology of a Tooth:

The human tooth has different types of layers that allow the tooth to grow and serve as component of the digestive system.
 * **Enamel** - hardest and most highly mineralized substance of the body
 * **Dentin** - substance between the enamel and the pulp chamber, secreted by the odontoblasts of the dental pulp
 * **Cementum** - bony substance covering the root of tooth
 * **Pulp** - central part of tooth filled with soft connective tissue

Tooth Disease:


 * 1) **Anodonita** - total lack of tooth development. Little or no teeth are ever able to form and is formed while in the fetal developmental stages.

Tooth Quiz Worksheet:

Teeth Quiz #1

1.) What are the four different teeth types?     2.)    What is the process in which teeth mechanically digest food? 3.) What is the hardest mineralized substance of the body also found in teeth? 4.)  What substance is secreted by the odontoblasts of the dental pulp? 5.) What is the bony substance that covers the root of the tooth? 6.)  What is the central part of the tooth that is filled with soft connective tissue? 7.) What tooth disease causes the total lack of tooth development? 8.)  What are the two main functions of teeth? 9.) What is the exposed portion of the tooth aka? 10.) What is the unexposed portion of the tooth aka? 11.) Where do bony vessels enter the tooth? 12.) Where does the root of each tooth sit? 13.) What surrounds the neck of each tooth in order to prevent the entrance of bacteria? 14.) The dentin in each tooth is covered by a layer of what substance? 15.) What interior chamber receives nerves and blood vessels for the tooth?

Answers for Worksheet: 2.)** **Mastication 3.)** **Enamel. 4.)** **Dentin. 5.)** **Cementum. 6.)** **Pulp. 7.)** **Anodonita. 8.)  To break down tough connective tissue in meat through mechanical digestion and, helps saturate** **the materials with salivary secretions. 9.)** **The crown. 10.)** **The root. 11.)** **At the apical foramen. 12.)** **The** **alveolus. 13.)** **Gingival sulcus. 14.)** **Enamel. 15.) Pulp cavity. **
 * 1.)** **Incisors, Cuspids, Bicuspids, and** **Molars

Salivary Glands Salivary Glands Anatomy: The salivary glands are exocrine glands that contain ducts and produce saliva. Histology: The salivary glands are encapsulated in connective tissue and there are nerves and veins that connect to these ducts at the hilum. The salivary glands empty into ducts between the gland's excretory ducts. All human salivary glands end in the mouth as the teeth handle the mechanical digestion the salivary glands handle part of the chemical digestion by the use of saliva released from these glands. The salivary glands can be found at the entrance of the GI tract being that they do most of the intial chemical digestion.

There are 5 salivary glands in humans: 1. Partoid 2. Submandibular 3. Sublingual 4. Minor Salivary Glands 5. Von Ebner's Glands

Partoid Glands: These glands are anterior and inferior by comparison of the external ear. These glands also happen to be the largest pair of glands however, they only produce around 25% of the Saliva.

Submandibular Glands: These glands can be located on the floor of the mouth. Even though these glands are much smaller in size than the partoid glands they produce about 70% of saliva in the oral cavity.

Sublingual Glands: These glands can also be found on the floor of the mouth. Unlike the other glands however the sublingual glands do not have striated ducts and, approx. only 5% of saliva entering the oral cavity is produced by these glands.

Minor Salivary Glands: Throughought the oral cavity there are well over 600 minor salivary glands dispursed throughout. These are also not encapsulated by the connective tissue however, they are surronded by it. Their functions include the coating of the oral cavity with saliva.

Von Ebner's Glands: These glands secrete a fluid that functions in lipid hydrolosis and are one of the main components in taste.

Mumps: A painful swelling of the salivary glands caused by the mumps virus. This was most commonly a childhood disease until the development of the vaccine however, as rare as this disease may now be among most countries it is still considered to be a serious health risk in third world countries.
 * Disease of Salivary Glands:**

Salivary Glands Diagram Quiz:


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Diagram Quiz Answers:



Works Cited [] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumps [] [] [] [] [] []