Stomach

 =__Stomach__ =  The stomach is the organ that you think about when you think about the digestive system. It's the place that the food actually gets broken down into usable pieces, digestion. This is a reason why food should come to the stomach to be destroyed... cause apparently destruction is fun?


 * Main Functions:**
 * 1) kill ingested parasites and bacteria because of the extreme acidity within the stomach
 * 2) break down food into smaller pieces: with the high acidity and the enzymes, the food is broken down into smaller pieces, even down to individual molecules to be digested.
 * 3) temporarily hold food and release it at a constant, steady pace.

The stomach contains four parts:
 * Anatomy: **
 * 1) Cardia- Area of the stomach that the esophagus empties food into
 * 2) Fundus- Area formed by the upper curvature of the stomach
 * 3) Body (AKA Corpus)- The main body or portion of the organ
 * 4) Pylorus (AKA Antrum)- The lower portion of the stomach that empties into the small intestine

**Histology**
 * 1) mucosa- the first main layer composed of epithelium called the lamina propria, and a thin layer of muscle
 * 2) submucosa- is found beneath the mucosa and consists of fibrous connective tissue. It is where the Meissner's Plexis is found
 * 3) muscularis externa-
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">inner oblique layer- creates the motion that churns and breaks down the food in the stomach.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">middle circular layer- the pylorus is surrounded by the circular layer of muscular tissue that forms the pyloric sphincter controlling the movement of chyme into the small intestine
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">outer longitudinal layer- Auerbach's Plexis is found between this layer and the middle circular layer

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Controlled by:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Movement: **
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Autonomic Nervous System
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Digestive Hormones
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Gastrin- controls the release of HCL, pepsinogen, and intrinsic factor
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Cholecystokinin- effects the gall bladder and effects gastric emptying and the release of pancreatic juices
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Secretin- mostly effects the pancreas but decreases acid production in the stomach
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Gastric Inhibitory Peptide- decreases gastric acid and motility
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Enteroglucagon- decreases gastric acid and motility
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Glycogen- Effects the liver and levels of glucose in the blood

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Gastropathy is the umbrella term for stomach disorders Label the Following Diagrams and click on picture for answers:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Disorders: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">peptic ulcer- a hole in the stomach lining that is larger than 0.5cm. Ulcers cause pain, nausea and vomiting, hematemesis, and melena
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">achlorhydria- a lowered amount of stomach acid in the stomach which impairs digestion.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">dyspepsia- (AKA indegestion) when the stomach has trouble digesting food within it, generally characterized by abdominal pain.



<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 70%;">**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Works Cited: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 70%;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 70%;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach_disease
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 70%;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptic_ulcer
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 70%;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypochlorhydria
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 70%;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyspepsia