The+Gallbladder





 The gall bladder stores and concentrates bile, which is a yellow /greenish gross liquid secreted by the liver; bile is responsible for emulsifying fats and neutralizing acids in partially digested foods. The gallbladder and liver are connected by the hepatic duct. When you eat, your gallbladder releases a highly concentrated form of bile into the common bile duct, a continuation of the hepatic and cystic ducts. The bile flows through this duct to the upper part of your small intestine (duodenum), where it begins to break down the fat in your food.

The gall bladder is comprised of four layers:  serous--perimuscular--muscular--mucous membrane



The serous layer covers all the places of the gall bladder that contain peritoneum, but is not absolutely complete. It only covers the fundus and some portions of the body and neck.

The perimuscular layer contains thick layers of connective tissue, and houses arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatics.

The <span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(128, 128, 0);">muscular layer contains smooth, irregular muscle fibers. These fibers run in a longitudinally oblique direction and create spaces which are filled with fibroblasts and reticular/elastic/collagenous fibers.

The <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%; color: rgb(0, 255, 136);">mucous membrane is made up of single columnar epithelial tissue to aid in absorption, but does not contain any muscularis mucosae or glands, excluding the neck of the gallbladder. This layer contains three types of cells; pencil cells, tall columnar cells, and basal cells.



<span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Gallbladder cancer : These symptoms can occur when a tumor blocks the common bile duct; abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, yellowing of your skin and the whites of your eyes (jaundice), unintended weight loss or loss of appetite. Tumors can prevent the normal passage of food or interfere with its absorption by blocking the flow of pancreatic enzymes. Although the exact cause of gallbladder and bile duct cancers isn't clear, researchers believe that DNA in the cells of your biliary tract may be damaged by toxins that are routinely metabolized by your liver. These toxins are released into bile so that they can be eliminated from your body. If bile empties more slowly than normal, it increases the amount of time your cells are exposed to cancer-causing substances (carcinogens).

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"><span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Cholecystitis: A condition in which inflammation of the gallbladder results from a gallstone blocking the passageway for bile into the cystic duct. It is characterized by fever, nausea, and excruciating abdominal pain that lasts for over 6 hours. It is the most common result of a gallstone and can be classified as acute or chronic. Treatment involves hospitalization, where the patient is not allowed to eat, but are given fluids and electrolytes intravenously. Pain relievers are administered, antibiotics are given intravenously, and in some cases the patient undergoes surgery to remove the gallbladder.

<span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Gallstones : Collections of cholesterol crystals in the gallbladder, when the liver secretes too much. Gallstones cause severe abdominal pain that can last up to 12 hours, nausea, vomiting, and is the most common cause of other related disorders. If gallstones cause recurring problems, the gallbladder is removed. They are more common in women and in American Indians, compared to other groups of people. Those who are of the female sex, an older age, are obese, eat a typical western diet, or have a family history of gallstones are most at risk. Gallstones that do not cause symptoms (silent gallstones) do not require treatment, but cases involving severe problems result in surgical removal of the gallbladder.





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WORKS CITED:


 * http://www.mamashealth.com/organs/gallbladder.asp

http://www.gall-bladder.info/histology.html

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/gallbladder-cancer/DS00425/DSECTION=causes

http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec10/ch140/ch140c.html

http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec10/ch140/ch140b.html**

1. Bile 2. Hepatic 3. Duodenum 4. Cystic 5. Below 6. Fats 7. Common-Bile 8. Four 9. Serous 10. Perimuscular 11. Muscular 12. Mucous 13. Serous 14. Perimuscular 15. Mucous 16. Cancer 17. Cholecystitis 18. Cholesterol 19. Absorption 20. Liver